The global shift toward clean energy is progressing rapidly as countries structure their economies around sustainability, renewable energy sources and circular resource systems. Liquid biofuels are one of the most practical enablers of this transformation because they offer a green substitute for fossil fuels without requiring disruptive infrastructure replacements. Bioethanol, in particular,...

The global chemical sector is undergoing a profound structural transition, moving away from 100% fossil-fuel reliance toward renewable carbon feedstocks. Ethylene oxide is one of the most widely consumed hazardous chemical intermediates globally; thus, developing a viable bio-based pathway represents a monumental achievement in industrial green chemistry. Chemical engineers continually optimize...