The Metal powders are finely divided solid materials composed of metallic particles, widely used across various industrial and technological applications. These powders are typically produced through methods such as atomization, chemical reduction, electrolysis, and mechanical alloying, each yielding distinct particle sizes, shapes, and properties suited to specific uses. One of the...

Analytical chemistry and quality control in pharmaceutical manufacturing require highly sensitive instrumentation to detect trace impurities, quantify active drug substances, and confirm molecular structures. Gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) are standard analytical techniques used to separate and analyze volatile organic compounds. However, many biological molecules—such...